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# 经济

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Economy interface

## 概要

• 运宝船队
• 阶层互动
• 通过 外交手段收到其他国家的礼物或者贷款
• 从被联统国获得的固定收入

## 收入

The "Income" column lists regular streams of income, and effect by modifiers plus efficiency (in grey, middle column).

Income is the sum of all money gained monthly. Unlike in EU3, all income is liquid and does not need to be minted. The continuous sources of income that a country has is listed in the "Income" column, which is on the left side of the Economy panel (see right). This panel lists both the total amount from each source and that source's bonus (if any). Hovering over the source or bonus shows a tooltip with detailed information, such as modifiers or a breakdown of income by province.

The maximum amount of ducats a country can have in its treasury is 1 million. However, this number is considered to be difficult to reach without using console commands or mods.

### 税收

Tax comes directly from the population of a province, and produces a relatively dependable baseline income. Each province has a base tax (which may be increased by spending administrative power), and a tax income efficiency. The yearly province tax amount is the multiple of the two amounts. There is also a National Tax Income, that is calculated at a countrywide level. Various tax modifiers exist that may change this amount.

### 生产

Production is a measure of the amount of income generated in a province by local producers of its trade good. Unlike in EU3, production income is added directly to the state's income each month. This amount depends on the good's prices, the province's base production, and the production efficiency (among other modifiers).

### 贸易

The trade value produced by each province flows into the trade network, where it is eventually collected by capitals and merchants and converted into ducats. Careful management of trade can make it the most powerful source of income by far.

### 贵金属

Gold is a special "trade" good. Gold does not produce any trade value; instead, it is converted directly into ducats. Gold production income is equal to 40 ducats per year per unit produced, with the exception of pagan countries which receive income equal to only 1 ducat per year per unit produced. Income from gold causes inflation per year equal to half its proportion of the country's income; at 100% income the country's inflation would increase by 0.50% per year.

#### 运宝船队

colonial nations with gold provinces will not receive the income of gold for themselves, but instead will store it in a ‘Treasure Fleet Counter’ that counts up towards a certain sum depending on the size of the colony’s gold mines. Once the counter is full, the colony will send a treasure fleet. The treasure fleet travels downstream along the trade routes, passing each node between the colonial nation and its overlord's trade capital. If there are privateers present in these nodes, they will steal a share of the gold corresponding to their power in the node. At the end of the journey, any money that remains is given to the overlord nation, which will suffer inflation similar to that gained from gold mines.

Nations who do not have their trade capital downstream of their colonies’ trade nodes will be unable to receive treasure fleets. In these cases, the colonial nation will simply keep the gold for themselves, paying just the usual amount in tariffs.

### 关税

Colonial nations are required to transfer a part of their total income, called tariffs, to their overlord. At their formation, this amount is 10% of their income. The tariffs can be set for each colonial nation by the overlord in the Subjects interface or may change through events. Higher tariffs increase the level of Liberty desire in the colonial nation.

### 附庸税

Vassals are required to pay a fee to their overlords. The basis for calculating this fee is the tax income of the vassal. The amount that must be paid is modified by the ‘vassals tax efficiency’ of the overlord, which is influenced by the overlord's legitimacy, among other factors.

### 港口停靠费

Signing a fleet basing agreement with another country will cost an amount equal to 0.1ducats[1] per month for every port belonging to the other country with a minimum of 0.5ducats and maximum of 2.0ducats per month.

The AI never asks to access ports of the player, and the player can never offer it (there is a -1000 "strategic interests" modifier). Whether the province is cored or not has no effect on the cost of fleet basing rights.

### 津贴

Countries that have a strategic interest in another country may grant subsidies to that country, which is given in the form of a certain amount of the benefactor's monthly income each month for a certain number of years.

### 战利品

The Spoils of War section includes income gained from military and wartime actions. This includes:

• 掠夺: Looting occurs when a province (either occupied or besieged) has hostile units stationed in it. Each province has a loot bar that depletes based on the amount that the army can loot every month.
• 私掠: A country can send their light ships on missions to Privateer in certain sea zones, aiding pirate nations in exchange for a portion of their earnings.

### 战争赔款

If the Art of War DLC is enabled, a country has the option to demand 10% of an enemy's income for 10 years as part of a peace deal.

### 佣兵收入

If the Mare Nostrum DLC is enabled, it is possible to offer a country Condottieri, which are armies rented out for money.

## 支出

The "Expenses" column showing major payments and maintenances.

A country's expenses, i.e., its monthly continuous payments, is similarly listed in the Expenses column on the right side of the Economy panel. This column lists two types of expenses:

• 固定支出: These are expenses which are automatically deducted from the treasury. They cannot be modified from the Economy panel, simply viewed (except for Interest, which may be changed through the Loans interface).
• 可调节支出: These expenses are shown with sliders, to adjust the amount being spent monthly on them. Changing these expenses using the sliders will have an impact on the action being done or the asset being maintained.

### 顾问

Advisors have a base monthly salary equal to the square of their skill level, increased by 0.5% per game year since 1444. Hovering over this in the Expenses column shows a tooltip that lists other modifiers, including Inflation.

### 直辖领地维护费

States require continuous monetary upkeep, depending on the development of the provinces, the distance to the capital and further modifiers.

### 利息

Interest must be paid on loans. The default interest rate is 4%, which may be changed by modifiers. Further information is given in the Loans section below.

### 外交支出

Diplomatic expenses.

Hovering over Diplomatic Expenses shows a tooltip with a more detailed breakdown of a country's diplomatic expenses (see right). These are as follows:

• 津贴: Ducats sent monthly to other countries as subsidies, if any.
• 附庸税: If the country is a vassal, the amount of vassal fees sent to their overlord.
• 出口关税: If the country is a colonial nation, the amount of ducats paid to their overlord as tariffs.
• 战争赔款: Amount paid to winners of previous wars (usually 10% of income for 10 years). See war reparations for more details (Requires Art of War DLC).
• 资助效忠派: Amount spent to junior partners in Personal unions to reduce their Liberty desire.
• 派遣军官: Amount sent to protectorates to reduce their Liberty desire and provide a bonus to their armies.
• 佣兵军费: Amount paid to other countries as rent for Condottieri (requires Mare Nostrum DLC).

### 城堡维护费

This shows the amount spent monthly to maintain the forts present in a country. The amount spent on each fort depends on its fort level. Forts can be mothballed while at peace to reduce their maintenance by a -50% modifier. Doing so will inhibits the forts upkeep of army tradition and remove the defenders making it easy to conquer in a war.

### 殖民地维护费

Colonies require a monthly maintainenance while they grow until they become full cities. The cost per year is:

${\displaystyle {\text{cost per year}}=\left(24+{\frac {\text{total development}}{4}}\right)}$

So, the cost per month is roughly:

${\displaystyle {\text{cost per month}}=\left(2+\left({\text{total development}}\cdot 0.02\right)\right)}$

Thus, a 5 {icon|development}}development province will cost about 2.10 ducats per month to colonize, while a 6 development province will cost 2.12ducats per month. The cost is further increased quadratically for each colony over the number of colonists the country has. Colonial maintenance can be reduced, but at the cost of colonial growth. Provincial modifiers to colony growth are applied separately to this change. So, a tropical colony will shrink by -110 settlers with zero maintenance due to the additional -10 settlers provincial modifier. Colonial maintenance also does not affect growth from colonist agents.

Colonists cannot be sent while a country is bankrupt.

### 传教维持费

At the 1444 start, each active missionary costs 5ducats per year at full funding. This base value changes over the years. Reducing missionary maintenance reduces missionary strength.

### 打击腐败

A country can lower corruption by spending up to 0.05ducats per effective development per month under the Root Out Corruption slider, for a maximum of -1% every year. Effective development is affected by autonomy. The total cost of rooting out corruption is calculated using the formula:

${\displaystyle {\text{cost of rooting out corruption}}={\text{corruption cost multiplier}}\cdot {\text{effective development}}}$

where effective development is determined by the formula:

${\displaystyle {\text{effective development}}={\text{total national development}}-\sum \left({\text{total province development}}\cdot {\text{local autonomy}}\right)}$

• Corruption cost multiplier is the amount spent per effective development. This is the amount that is controlled by the slider. It can be changed from 0ducats per month to 0.05ducats per month.
• Local autonomy is used in decimal form in the above calculations.

#### 举例

Total province development and local autonomy for each of the three provinces for Andhra

For the three-province country Andhra (see right), the maximum cost to root out corruption can be calculated as follows:

• Total national development
${\displaystyle {\text{发 展 度 }}_{\text{科 斯 塔 }}+{\text{发 展 度 }}_{\text{贝 拉 纳 杜 }}+{\text{发 展 度 }}_{\text{科 纳 西 马 }}=11+15+11=37}$
• Sum of effective development changes by each province:
${\displaystyle \sum \left({province\,development}\cdot {local\,autonomy}\right)}$
• Kosta: ${\displaystyle 11\cdot 0.25=2.75}$
• Velanadu: ${\displaystyle 15\cdot 0.25=3.75}$
• Konaseema: ${\displaystyle 11\cdot 0=0}$
${\displaystyle {\text{effective development change}}=2.75+3.75+0=6.5}$
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\text{effective development}}&={\text{total national development}}-{\text{effective development change}}\\&=37-6.5\\&=30.5\end{aligned}}}

So, the final cost will be:

{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\text{total cost of rooting out corruption}}&=0.05\cdot 30.5\\&=1.52\,{\text{ducats/month}}\end{aligned}}}

The calculations above mean that higher local autonomy will decrease the cost of lowering corruption.

### 陆军军费

At full army maintenance, each fielded regiment has a monthly maintenance cost equal to 2% of its recruitment price. All modifiers to maintenance are added together and applied to this. Reducing army maintenance using the slider affects reinforcement rates and morale, to 0% reinforcement rate and a -100% modifier to morale at minimal funding. Condottieri reinforcements and maintenance costs are applied even when maintenance slider is at zero.

Maintenance costs increase over time as a country advances in technology.

Maintenance costs will reduce when a regiment suffers casualties, but will increase due to an added cost for reinforcement. Maintenance costs will also increase when a country exceeds its force limit.

### 舰队维护费

Fleet maintenance works the same as army maintenance but with certain exceptions:

• First, naval maintenance increases at discrete steps rather than continuously. It is increased by 10% at Diplomatic technology levels 3, 5, 9, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27, 29, and 31 (to a total of +100%).
• Third, vessels do not cost increased maintenance to repair, but also do not cost reduced maintenance if damaged.

Further differences, including those on how modifiers are applied, are listed on the Navy page.

If the Art of War DLC is enabled, mothballing allows naval units to be left unusable in a country's docks for lower maintenance, while giving ships 5% hull damage per year of being mothballed.

## 贷款

### 向银行（上帝）贷款

Taking a loan grants an amount of money equal to result of following formulae:

${\displaystyle {\text{loan size}}=0.5\cdot {\text{total development}}\cdot (1+{\text{trade efficiency from diplomatic technology}})}$

Acquiring the National Bank idea in Economic Idea Group can trigger an event in which loans can be changed to grant money equal to 6 or 24 months' income.

A loan may be taken at any time, although each loan taken increases inflation by 0.1[1]. A loan may be paid back in full, plus the total remaining interest owed, at any time during the loan period. If a loan expires and the borrower cannot (or chooses not to) pay the principal, the loan will be extended for an additional 5 years at the current interest rate, and inflation will increase by an additional 0.1.

#### 利息

Loans have a default interest rate of 4% per year[1], paid monthly. The interest rate is influenced by:

−2.00 as optional difficulty bonus (for the player (easy, very easy) or the AI (hard, very hard))
−1.00 as lucky nation (AI only)
−1.00 with Ganga as personal deity (for Hindu nations)
−1.00 during parliament issue “Contribute to Government Debt Payment”
−1.00 with Papal action: Forgive Usury
−0.02 for every percentage point of revanchism
+1.00 per point of negative stability
+10.00 if bankrupt

−1.0
• Economic idea 4: Debt and Loans
• Austrian idea 3: Fugger Banking
• Gutnish idea 7: Found Visby Bank
• Hamburger idea 6: Berenberg Bank
• Hanseatic idea 7: The Hansa Bank
• Tuscan idea 3: Tuscan Banking

### 向其他国家贷款

Countries that have a strategic interest in another country's wars may grant loans to that country. With Rights of Man active, rulers with the Indulgent trait will accept loans from Human Players if needed.

#### 拒付贷款的战争理由

If the borrower refuse to pay the principal when a loan expires, the lender gets a 12-month CB "Cancelled Loan" against the borrower.

## 货币贬值

Debasing currency is a feature added in 1.18's Rights of Man, it gives the player a loan's amount of money at the cost of 2 corruption. This is useful if the player wants to repay it over time at their pace (Not receiving even more inflation for re-newing loans); however, it is a lot more costly than a regular loan, costing around 60% of its value to be repaid back, plus the negative modifiers for having corruption, but the value to root it back can be reduced significantly if the player is ahead of time on diplomatic and/or administrative technology, and if its ruler has the incorruptible trait; giving a "negative" interest if the player is willing to wait for it to decay naturally, with the only penalty the positive corruption effects. Cannot be used if corruption is at 90.

## 破产

If the combined monthly interest of loans exceeds a country's monthly income, the country will be forced to declare bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy gives a number of negative effects for 10 years:[2]

 +5% 年利息 −50% 陆军士气 −50% 海军士气 −25% 陆军补充速度 +0.25 官僚派系影响力 +0.25 行会势力影响力 −100% 人力恢复速度 −100% 水手恢复速度 +50% 征召顾问花费 −1 月度狂热 −200 全局移民增长 +0.05 月度自治度 −50% 思潮传播速度 −0.5 月度国家军事化 −2 年度专制度 +50% 科技花费 +50% 理念花费

Entering bankruptcy also removes 25% of your current inflation, reduces stability by 3, reduces legitimacy or republican tradition to 0, and reduces all monarch power to 0. All of your mercenaries, advisors and loans are also dismissed and all buildings and units under construction are cancelled.

## 通货膨胀

In economics, inflation is an increase in the price of goods over time. In gameplay terms, inflation makes all expenses cost more. Low levels of inflation (around 10%), though not ideal, are reasonable. Around 20% or higher, this could signify an economic catastrophe, and measures must be taken to avoid total collapse. However, as soon as inflation is 5+% its possible to get bad events because of the high inflation incuring stab hits or increased local autonomy.

Contrary to real life, inflation in game does not mean constantly increasing prices, but rather a flat increase of the country's expenses. In real life certain incomes would increase with inflation as well. This reflects that the in game "ducats" have a constant value over the course of centuries and serve as an absolute indicator of value. In the real history the value of gold was just as volatile as anything else. The in-game inflation simply represents the inflation over the time between collecting income and spending it, therefore representing that the income has lost value while it was sitting in the country's treasury.

### 产生通货膨胀

Inflation is increased by the following:

• Each loan taken or extended increases inflation by +0.10.
• Income from gold increases inflation by 0.50 per year times the proportion of income from gold.
• Lump sums of monetary compensation claimed in a peace treaty (but not reparations) cause a one-time increase of inflation.
• Selling provinces to other nations
• Receiving gifts from other nations
• ( El Dorado DLC) Receiving or plundering treasure fleets
• Various events can increase inflation.

These are all situations where the country's money supply is expanded. In economics, an expansion in the supply of money without corresponding economic growth causes a decrease in its value, i.e. inflation. Before the middle of the 20th century, and certainly during the period of EU4, currency was only considered money to the extent that it was either made of or backed by gold (and silver, which is represented by gold in the game), which is why gold income (a direct injection of pure money) causes inflation.

### 消除通货膨胀

#### 被动消除

Several effects reduce inflation over time.

• The Master of Mint advisor reduces inflation by -0.10 per year.
• Economics Idea group third idea National bank gives yearly inflation reduction by +0.10 per year.
• Various events, decisions, triggered modifiers, and mission rewards can reduce inflation.

+0.10 yearly
• Economic idea 3: National Bank
• Andean idea 3: Tears of the Sun
• Brazilian idea 3: Mines of Minas Gerais
• Butua idea 2: Strict Gold Trade Regulations
• Dutch idea 1: Found the Amsterdam Wisselbank
• Malvi idea 6: Jain Bankers
• Slovak idea 3: Golden Kremnica
+0.05 yearly
• Austrian idea 3: Fugger Banking

#### 主动消除

If passive means are unavailable or insufficient, the Reduce Inflation button in the budget panel reduces inflation by -2.00 in exchange for -75 Administrative Power.

−10%
• Innovative idea 5: Resilient State
. The Innovation idea groups "Resilient state" reduces the MP cost with 10%.

## 战争税

Counter-intuitively, war taxes do not increase tax income. They instead decrease maintenance and increase available mercenaries for 2 years[1] at the cost of 50 military power[1]. This bonus will end as soon as the nation is at peace. The bonus given are:

 −20% 陆军维护费修正 −20% 海军维护费修正 +5% 可招募佣兵

## 附注

1. See in /Europa Universalis IV/common/defines.lua.
2. See in /Europa Universalis IV/common/static_modifiers/00_static_modifiers.txt (Static modifiers#Bankruptcy).

 概括 建筑 • 殖民 • 贸易 • 产品 • 贸易节点 • 贸易公司 • 殖民领 • 发展度 • 税收 • 生产 • 过度扩张 • 厌战度